| LAN2009-01 |
Summary
Application Note - Physical surveillance is a critical part of any physical security program. With the increased awareness of cyberterrorism, the focus for securing a control network has shifted from physical security solutions to electronic security solutions. Both physical and electronic security perimeters are critical to the overall protection of the control network. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) physical security standard (CIP-006-1) outlines the minimum set of required controls to physically protect critical cyberassets. The required controls include physical access controls, monitoring, logging, and log retention.
| John Harrell | 20120206 |
| LAN2012-01 |
Summary
One of the many advantages of SEL protective relays is their automatic self-testing capability. SEL relays include automated self-testing to determine the health of the device. Self-test mechanisms measure and verify that power supply voltages are within range, validate checksums of data, check the ability to read and write to memory, ensure that analog-to-digital conversion is correct, and monitor watchdog timers. A watchdog timer is normally designed to time out when a critical process, like protection, does not complete in its allocated time. For example, if a relay has a 4-millisecond processing interval, the watchdog timer might be designed to expire in 5 milliseconds. Thus a processor stall or other failure is rapidly detected and alarmed immediately.
| Edmund O. Schweitzer, III;
Bob Morris;
David Costello | 20120125 |
| LAN2011-04 |
| Larry Wright | 20111011 |
| LAN2011-03 |
Summary
Application Note - The desire to reduce carbon emissions and help reduce dependence on oil has led to an increased demand for alternative energy sources, including solar power. This application note explores the application of faulted circuit indicators (FCIs) in solar photovoltaic plant installations.
| Jerry Sauer | 20111004 |
| LAN2011-02 |
Summary
Application Note - Prolonged exposure to certain concentrations of chemical compounds can cause damage to surface mount technology (SMT) electronic components, resulting in possible failure of power protection, automation, communications, or metering equipment. This application note describes this problem in more depth, identifies some of the industry sectors where these compounds are present, and provides solutions to mitigate their effects.
| Don Blair | 20110701 |
| LAN2009-03 |
Summary
Application Note - Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) with traffic monitoring and managing have become more important as traffic congestion increases on highways and bridges as well as in tunnels, parking lots, and cities. Transportation authorities make appropriate changes to traffic flow, notify public safety personnel, and make traffic condition reports available to the public through the media or direct communication to minimize traffic congestion and increase traffic safety.
| John Harrell | 20110426 |
| LAN2009-11 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note covers the data acquisition features of the SEL-2411 Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) and the SEL-2440 Discrete Programmable Automation Controller (DPAC), including event buffer, event report, and Sequential Events Recorder (SER).
| Tyler Kee | 20110426 |
| LAN2009-38 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note provides implementation details and requirements for using the SEL-2401, SEL-2404, or SEL-2407® Satellite-Synchronized Clock with the SEL-3332 Intelligent Server or SEL-3351 System Computing Platform With Windows® XP Professional to provide NTP.
| Stephanie Leggett | 20110426 |
| LAN2009-48 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note provides a process on forwarding a copy of Windows® event log data from the SEL System Computing Platform with Windows XP Professional to a central location using
the IETF RFC 3164 syslog format.
| Huba Leidenfrost | 20110426 |
| LAN2010-08 |
Summary
Application Note - The SEL tough industrial computers with Windows Embedded Standard 2009 are designed for the types of applications that are needed in utility and industrial environments. SEL tough industrial computers with Windows have been performing reliably all over the world.
| John Harrell | 20110426 |
| LAN2011-01 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note provides information on how Simple Network Management Protocol Version 3 (SNMPv3) operates securely over a network connection. SNMPv3 over Ethernet or USB operates differently from traditional command line or web-based interfaces. This application note explains the secure flow of data between the network management software and the ICON. The ICON does not support command line or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) web interface.
| Ken Fodero | 20110401 |
| LAN2010-10 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note describes how enabling and tuning the network firewall can help prevent unauthorized access to a Linux-based operating system. Linux uses iptables as the basis for configuring its firewall. Iptables has been integrated into the Linux kernel since Version 2.4 (the year 2000).
| Jason Kraft | 20101119 |
| LAN2010-09 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note guides the reader to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 1058, which contains information on the impact of antivirus software on control system equipment. This application note is intended to aid asset owners in antivirus decisions to minimize impact on critical processes.
| Huba Leidenfrost | 20101014 |
| LAN2010-05 |
Summary
Application Note - The SEL-2400 and SEL-700 series relays provide a variety of input and output (I/O) options that are designed to withstand harsh physical and electrical environments.
| Mike Eskridge;
Jose Hernandez Rodriguez;
Jillian DeVleming | 20100615 |
| LAN2010-06 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note presents SEL logic devices, such as the SEL-2411 Programmable Automation Controller (PAC), SEL-2440 Discrete Programmable Automation Controller (DPAC), and SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC), as distributed control system solutions for one of the most fundamental sectors in the electrical generation industry—steam control.
| Diego Rodas | 20100521 |
| LAN2010-07 |
Summary
Application Note - The SEL-3401 Digital Clock Display is more advanced than many clocks on the market. It can receive an IRIG-B time signal from any appropriate source, including a satellite-synchronized clock. SEL offers a range of satellite-synchronized clocks for use with the SEL-3401, providing an accuracy of ±100 nanoseconds. The following sections explain three different examples of providing synchronized clock systems using the SEL-3401.
| Brian MacLeod | 20100521 |
| LAN2010-04 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note explains how to use the SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC) and SEL-3031 Serial Radio Transceiver to provide faster pilot protection and a backup SCADA communications link.
| Eric Sagen;
Rick Bryson | 20100430 |
| LAN2010-03 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note provides implementation details and requirements for using the SEL-2401, SEL-2404, or SEL-2407 Satellite-Synchronized Clock with Linux NTP service to create a Linux NTP Stratum 1 server suitable for LAN/WAN (local-area network/wide-area network) applications.
| Kim Yauchzee;
Brian Pickering | 20100323 |
| LAN2010-02 |
Summary
Application Note - This application note demonstrates how using two SEL-3022 Wireless Encrypting Transceivers and SEL-2800 Fiber-Optic Transceivers provides a means to create a fast backup communications link when a backhoe or other mishap causes a physical cut or disruption of a communications line, such as a fiber-optic cable.
| Dwight Anderson | 20100316 |
| LAN2010-01 |
Summary
The programming features in SEL relays, including SELOGIC® Boolean expressions with math variables and comparisons, provide the capability for custom applications such as the implementation of KYZ contacts.
| Michael Merow | 20100218 |
| LAN2009-63 |
Summary
Application Note - Many subtransmission-level power systems use three-phase on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformers and shunt capacitor banks (SCBs) to provide voltage regulation and VAR support.
| Jeff Pope | 20091222 |
| LAN2009-02 |
Summary
Application Note - The heart of the kiosk is the computer. A reliable computer is needed to withstand the temperature changes and vibrations that may occur where the kiosk is located. SEL tough computers are designed to meet the requirements of kiosk computers.
| John Harrell | 20091210 |
| LAN2009-40 |
Summary
Application Note -This application note demonstrates how SEL products provide the means to monitor alarm sensors and send out intelligent alarm notification as an email or a phone call, even acting as a low-cost backup system for activating redundant sirens or strobe lights.
| Dwight Anderson | 20091210 |
| LAN2009-13 |
Summary
Application Note - A human-machine interface (HMI) allows an operator to monitor and control the machines used in an automated process. Computer-based HMIs are found extensively in today’s process control systems, using graphical onscreen controls that are virtual representations of the physical switches, pushbuttons, and gauges in control panels of the past. These HMIs range from simple numerical data displays, to basic two-dimensional drawings, to complex three-dimensional renderings of the systems they control. They can trend and archive data, automate control, and advise operators when actions need to be taken.
| Ian Olson | 20091208 |
| LAN2009-10 |
Summary
Application Note - Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a common protocol used for Ethernet time synchronization in applications requiring 1- to 50-millisecond time accuracy, such as IT (information technology), SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), and public safety networks. This application note provides implementation details and requirements for using the SEL-2401, SEL-2404, or SEL-2407 Satellite-Synchronized Clock with the SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC) to provide NTP to connected devices.
| Kim Yauchzee | 20091207 |